<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<mx:Application xmlns:mx="http://www.adobe.com/2006/mxml" layout="absolute"
                width="480" height="360" backgroundColor="#FFFFFF" xmlns="*">

<mx:ApplicationControlBar dock="true" width="100%">
        <mx:Label id="lblProblem" x="10" y="10" width="380" height="160">
            <mx:htmlText>
            <![CDATA[  <b>IMO 1963 Problem 06</b>
  Five students, A,B,C,D,E, took part in a contest. One prediction
  was that the contestants would finish in the order ABCDE. This
  prediction was very poor. In fact no contestant finished in the
  position predicted, and no two contestants predicted to finish
  consecutively actually did so. A second prediction had the
  contestants finishing in the order DAECB. This prediction was
  better. Exactly two of the contestants finished in the places
  predicted, and two disjoint pairs of students predicted to finish
  consecutively actually did so. Determine the order in which the
  contestants finished.
            ]]>
            </mx:htmlText>
        </mx:Label>
        <mx:Button id="btnSolve" x="395" y="115" click="solve();" label="Solve!" />
    </mx:ApplicationControlBar>
    <mx:Script>
        <![CDATA[
            private var students:String = "ABCDE";
            private var guess1:String = "ABCDE";
            private var guess2:String = "DAECB";

public function solve():void {
                txtResult.text = "";

// Create array of permutations of students.
                var p:Array = permutations(students.split(""));

// Check every possibility.
                for (var k:int = 0; k < p.length; ++k) {
                    var s1:int = singleCorrectPredictions(p[k], guess1.split(""))
                    var d1:int = doubleConsecutivePredictions(p[k], guess1.split(""))
                    var s2:int = singleCorrectPredictions(p[k], guess2.split(""))
                    var d2:int = doubleConsecutivePredictions(p[k], guess2.split(""))
                    if (s1 == 0 && d1 == 0 && s2 == 2 && d2 == 2) {
                        // Conditions satisfied, print solution!
                        txtResult.text += p[k] + "\n";
                    }
                }
            }

private function singleCorrectPredictions(master:Array, guess:Array):int {
                var rt:int = 0;
                for (var k:int = 0; k < guess.length; ++k) {
                    rt += (guess[k] == master[k])? 1 : 0;
                }
                return rt;
            }

private function doubleConsecutivePredictions(master:Array, guess:Array):int {
                var rt:int = 0;
                for (var i:int = 0; i < guess.length - 1; ++i) {
                    for (var j:int = 0; j < master.length - 1; ++j) {
                        if (guess[i] == master[j] && guess[i + 1] == master[j + 1]) {
                            ++rt;
                            break;  // breaking here because elements are different.
                        }
                    }
                }
                return rt;
            }

private function permutations(array:Array):Array {
                var n:int = array.length;
                var rt:Array = new Array();
                if (n < 2) {
                    rt.push(array);
                }
                else {
                    for (var i:int = 0; i < n; ++i) {
                        // Create a new array from [array] where the
                        // [i]-th term has been ignored.
                        var filterFunc:Function = function(element:*, index:int, arr:Array):Boolean {
                            // AS3 filter ignores the elements that return false.
                            return element != array[i];
                        };
                        var t:Array = array.filter(filterFunc);
                        var tz:Array = permutations(t);
                        for (var j:int = 0; j < tz.length; ++j) {
                            tz[j].unshift(array[i])
                            rt.push(tz[j]);
                        }
                    }
                }
                return rt;
            }
        ]]>
    </mx:Script>
    <mx:TextArea id="txtResult" x="5" y="10" width="470" height="175" />

</mx:Application>